Swagatika

I, Swagatika Sahu (author of this website), have done my master's in Biotechnology. I have around fourteen years of experience in writing and believe that writing is a great way to share knowledge. I hope the articles on the website will help users in enhancing their intellect in Biotechnology.

Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Vertebrate Olfaction and Gustation

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Signaling system that detect hormone, light, smell and taste

In this article, I briefly describe the role of G protein-coupled receptors in vertebrate olfaction and gustation. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) These receptors act through a guanosine nucleotide-binding protein or G-protein family member. Signal transduction is defined through three essential components. The three essential components can be described as a plasma membrane receptor with seven … Read more >>

Role of G protein-coupled receptors in vision

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Absorption spectra of rhodopsin

In this article, I briefly describe the role of G protein-coupled receptors in vision. G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) These receptors act through a guanosine nucleotide-binding protein or G protein family member. Signal transduction is defined through three essential components. The three essential components can be described as a plasma membrane receptor with seven transmembrane helical … Read more >>

Phagocytes- The white blood cells of our immune system

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In this article, I briefly describe phagocytes- the white blood cells in our immune system. They play a critical role in defending the body against infections. Phagocytes Phagocytes were first identified in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov during his research on starfish larvae. These white blood cells protect the body by engulfing and breaking down … Read more >>

The skin immune system

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In this article, I briefly describe the skin immune system and its similarities and dissimilarities with the respiratory and intestinal immune systems. Skin The bodies of vertebrate animals are covered with a soft, flexible outer tissue layer called skin. It serves three primary roles: protection, regulation, and sensation. The skin interacts directly with the environment, … Read more >>

Parallelism between the intestinal immune system and the respiratory immune system

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In this article, I briefly describe the parallelism between the intestinal and respiratory immune systems. The respiratory tract The respiratory tract is responsible for breathing and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. It is divided into upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract. It is exposed directly to the external … Read more >>

Common intestinal diseases

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In this article, I briefly describe the common diseases associated with the intestine. Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, and Celiac disease are common intestinal diseases. Our intestinal immune response and diseases The immune system’s response to both commensal and pathogenic microbes is not without cost. Even when inflammation successfully eliminates pathogens, it can still damage … Read more >>

Intestinal immunity can initiate both type 1 and type 2 immune responses

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In this article, I briefly describe the type of immune responses of our intestines. Intestine and pathogens Our intestinal immune system responses to specific pathogens reveal extra complexities. There are many bacteria and worms causing diseases in our bodies. Our immune system shows different types of responses to worms and bacteria. Bacteria get a type … Read more >>

The intestinal immune system recognizes and responds to pathogens

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In this article, I briefly describe how the intestinal immune system recognizes and responds to pathogens. Intestine and pathogens Most organisms that live in harmony with us are not harmful and help create a tolerant environment in the intestines. The gut immune system ensures a safe separation between the epithelial surfaces and even the beneficial … Read more >>

Various innate and adaptive cell types promote immune homeostasis in the intestine

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In this article, I briefly describe how various innate and adaptive cell types promote immune homeostasis in the intestine. Our gastrointestinal tract It is a tube-like structure running from the mouth to the anus. The gastrointestinal tract maintains our commensal microbiome and regulates local and systemic immune responses. Our gastrointestinal tract deals with billions of … Read more >>

Small and large intestines possess different immune system

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In this article, I briefly explain the disparity in immunity in small and large intestines. Distinct immunity in small and large intestine The small and large intestines manage their relationship with the microbiome by sharing general strategies. However, the physiology of each section is distinct, as are the microbial communities and immune cells that inhabit … Read more >>