Swagatika 
In this article, I briefly describe how CRISPR technology inactivates a gene and observes the resulting changes, helping scientists understand the gene’s normal function. Introduction of the CRISPR Technology Gene mutation is necessary to understand the function of a gene. Researchers can then examine the effect of genomic alteration on cell growth or function. Introduction … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe how green fluorescent protein helps identify proteins in cells. Protein Localization and Function Locating a gene product within the cell helps provide significant insight into its function. For instance, a protein found solely in the nucleus is likely to participate in nuclear-specific processes such as transcription, DNA replication, or … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the various ways of expressing recombinant proteins. Recombinant Proteins Proteins can be artificially produced by inserting a gene encoding the desired protein into a host organism. This process is carried out with the help of recombinant DNA technology. This way, the host cells can express and produce large amounts … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe how HIV infects its host by using its coreceptors. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a severe immunodeficiency caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This syndrome was first recognized because of opportunistic infections in a cluster of individuals in the USA in 1981. This group … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe various factors causing secondary immunodeficiencies. Secondary Immunodeficiencies Inherited genetic defects give rise to primary immunodeficiency, whereas secondary immunodeficiency is acquired. The loss of immune function results from exposure to an external agent. These external agents include many diseases and infections, medical treatments with immunosuppressive drugs, and social conditions that … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe various replacement therapies that treat immunodeficiency disorders. Treatment For Immunodeficiencies There are many treatment options available for immunodeficiency disorders, but no reliable treatment is available for them. Besides using antimicrobial agents or resorting to the extreme measure of complete isolation from opportunistic pathogens, immunodeficiencies can be managed through replacement … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe immunodeficiency disorders that disturb immune regulation, which can lead to the development of autoimmunity. Deficiencies in T-cell Tolerance Lead to Autoimmunity The adaptive immune system recognizes and eliminates foreign antigens. It also has to recognize self-MHC proteins and suppress reactions to self-antigens in the host. The induction of tolerance … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe how defects in innate immune components result in diseases and deficiencies. Innate Immune Defects Disorders in myeloid cells or components of the complement activation pathways lead to innate immune defects. Many of these defects lead to fewer phagocytic cells or defective phagocytic processes. These processes may have defects at … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe how a primary deficiency leads to different immunodeficiency syndromes. Primary Immunodeficiency Primary immunodeficiency is generally a birth defect and causes many health issues in early life. Immunodeficiency disorders are minor or life-threatening. Primary immunodeficiency diseases have provided immunologists valuable insights into the critical roles of specific proteins and cellular … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and its interruption with T-cell and B-cell responses. Combined immunodeficiencies The diseases that result from impaired T-cell function or absence of T cells, combined with some disruption of antibody responses are known as combined immunodeficiencies. T helper cells (TH cells) are needed for complete activation … Read more >>