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In this article, I provide a brief description of G proteins, which play crucial roles in various signaling processes. However, defects in G proteins lead to the development of many diseases. G Proteins Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are a group of proteins that function as molecular switches within cells. They help transmit signals from … Read more >>
In this article, I provide a brief explanation of the β-adrenergic receptor-mediated signal transduction process, which involves adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, and PKA. β-adrenergic receptor-mediated signal transduction is a key cellular communication pathway activated by adrenaline or noradrenaline. Upon ligand binding, the receptor stimulates adenylyl cyclase via a G-protein, leading to increased cAMP production, which in … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe how the analysis of protein-protein interactions helps to understand protein function. Understanding Protein Roles through Molecular Associations The function of a specific protein can often be inferred by identifying the cellular components it binds to. When it comes to protein–protein interactions, associating a protein of unknown function with a … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe some proteins that facilitate the transbilayer movement of a lipid molecule. The Lipid Bilayer The lipid bilayer is the core structure of all biological membranes, creating a flexible boundary that encloses cells and their internal compartments. It is mainly made of phospholipids, which naturally organize into a double layer … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe fat-soluble vitamins and their importance in the human body. Fat-Soluble Vitamins In the early decades of the 20th century, one of the most exciting frontiers in physiological chemistry was the discovery of vitamins—tiny but vital compounds that play a crucial role in maintaining health. Since humans and other vertebrates … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the types of eicosanoids and steroid hormones and how they carry messages to cells and tissues, respectively. Eicosanoids Eicosanoids are bioactive lipid molecules derived from 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid. They play vital roles in cell signaling, especially in inflammation, immunity, and many physiological functions. These are … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe triacylglycerols, the fatty acid esters of glycerol. Triacylglycerols store energy and provide insulation. Partial hydrogenation of edible oils creates fatty acids with harmful side effects. Structure and Properties of Triacylglycerol Triacylglycerols, or triglycerides, fats, or neutral fats, are the simplest lipids derived from fatty acids. They consist of three … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the role of G protein-coupled receptors in vertebrate olfaction and gustation. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) These receptors act through a guanosine nucleotide-binding protein or G-protein family member. Signal transduction is defined through three essential components. The three essential components can be described as a plasma membrane receptor with seven … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the role of G protein-coupled receptors in vision. G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) These receptors act through a guanosine nucleotide-binding protein or G protein family member. Signal transduction is defined through three essential components. The three essential components can be described as a plasma membrane receptor with seven transmembrane helical … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe allosteric enzymes and their properties. Enzymes The highly specialized proteins are known as enzymes, which have tremendous catalytic power. They have high specificity for their substrates and play the role of reaction catalysts of biological systems. Enzymes possess a high capacity to accelerate chemical reactions and function in aqueous … Read more >>