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In this article, I briefly describe the role of G protein-coupled receptors in vertebrate olfaction and gustation. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) These receptors act through a guanosine nucleotide-binding protein or G-protein family member. Signal transduction is defined through three essential components. The three essential components can be described as a plasma membrane receptor with seven … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the role of G protein-coupled receptors in vision. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) These receptors act through a guanosine nucleotide-binding protein or G protein, family member. Signal transduction is defined through three essential components. The three essential components can be described as a plasma membrane receptor with seven transmembrane helical … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe allosteric enzymes and their properties. Enzymes The highly specialized proteins are known as enzymes, which have tremendous catalytic power. They have high specificity for their substrates and play the role of reaction catalysts of biological systems. Enzymes possess a high capacity to accelerate chemical reactions and function in aqueous … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the metabolism of fuel in fasting and starvation. Hormonal and metabolic adaptations Animals can withstand prolonged periods of starvation by adjuring a comprehensive program of hormonal and metabolic adaptations. This type of adaptation mainly provides glucose for the brain and fat-derived fuels for most of the other tissues of … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the maintenance of blood glucose levels by the hormones insulin and glucagon. Hormones Our endocrine system employs internal chemical messengers as hormones. These are produced by certain specific cell types. Hormones regulate the function of another tissue by binding to a distant cellular receptor. For binding with a receptor, … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the breakthrough treatments of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on the protease mechanism. The disease caused by HIV and the symptoms The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks our immune system. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a chronic immune system disease, is caused by HIV. It lowers the immunity of … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe how the interactions of motor proteins bring changes in cells. The activity of motor proteins The movement of organelles and macromolecules within cells mainly arises from the activity of molecular motors. Motor proteins in large aggregates gaining energy from ATP undergo cyclic conformational changes that concentrate into a unified … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the two important globin proteins, hemoglobin and myoglobin, and their functions. The globin proteins The globin family of proteins having similar primary and tertiary structures is found in all classes of eukaryotes and some bacteria. The main function of globins is to store and transport oxygen. In mammals, there … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly describe the process of electrophoresis and how protein purification is related to specific activity. Separation of proteins and chromatography The cells contain thousands of varieties of proteins that can be separated based on size, charge, or binding properties. A protein can be studied in detail only when it can be … Read more >>
In this article, I briefly explain the peptides and proteins with their distinguishing properties. Proteins Proteins are the most abundant biological macromolecules present in all cells in many varieties. In a single cell, thousands of different kinds of proteins are present. Peptides and proteins are the polymers of amino acids. In every organism, the proteins … Read more >>